Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a critical aspect of our everyday lives, yet often overlooked. It pertains to the composition of air within enclosed spaces like homes, workplaces, and schools, encompassing pollutants, humidity levels, temperature, and ventilation. Poor IAQ can lead to a myriad of health issues, from respiratory discomfort to long-term illnesses. Recognizing the significance of IAQ is pivotal for creating healthier indoor environments and ensuring the well-being of occupants. By identifying sources of pollution and implementing effective measures for ventilation, filtration, and pollutant control, we can foster environments that promote not just physical health, but also productivity and overall quality of life.

MISCONCEPTION AROUND INDOOR AIR QUALITY

In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, amidst the pressing concerns of outdoor pollution, we often neglect the invisible adversary lurking within our own homes and offices – indoor air pollution. The myths surrounding indoor air quality in India have perpetuated a dangerous misconception that the air we breathe indoors is inherently safe. Indoor air pollution, characterised by the presence of harmful chemicals and other contaminants, can be up to ten times more detrimental than outdoor air pollution. This is because contained areas enable potential pollutants to build up more than open spaces. It is imperative to shatter these myths and recognize the paramount importance of breathing clean air within the confines of our indoor spaces. 

Myth #1: Opening windows improves indoor air quality.

Fact: While opening windows can help improve indoor air quality in certain situations, it's not always the best solution. The effectiveness of this method greatly depends on various factors such as outdoor air pollution levels, weather conditions, and the presence of indoor pollutants.

Myth #2: Indoor air pollution is not as harmful as outdoor air pollution.

Fact: Indoor air pollution can be significantly worse than outdoor air pollution, especially in poorly ventilated spaces. Indoor pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, tobacco smoke, and mold spores can accumulate to high levels, leading to various health issues including respiratory problems, allergies, and even long-term illnesses.

Myth #3: Keeping indoor plants is enough to improve indoor air quality.

Fact: While indoor plants can indeed help improve air quality by absorbing some pollutants and releasing oxygen, their impact is relatively small compared to other air purification methods like proper ventilation and air filtration systems. Additionally, overwatering plants can lead to mold growth in the soil, which can worsen indoor air quality.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

Urbanization and Industrialization: Emissions from factories, vehicles, and urban development contribute to indoor air pollution through infiltration of outdoor pollutants.

Allergens and Asthma Triggers: Indoor allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and mold spores can worsen allergies and trigger asthma attacks.

Wildfire Smoke and Environmental Hazards: Smoke from wildfires and indoor environmental hazards like radon gas or asbestos can infiltrate indoor spaces, posing health risks to occupants.

Occupational Settings: Workplaces with poor ventilation, exposure to chemicals, dust, or fumes can lead to indoor air pollution and occupational health issues.

Viral Transmission: Poorly ventilated indoor spaces can facilitate the spread of airborne viruses, increasing the risk of respiratory infections and diseases like COVID-19.

Household Products and Activities: Indoor air pollutants can arise from everyday activities such as cooking, cleaning, smoking, and using household products containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

HEALTH IMPACT OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION 

Immediate effects

Swift and repeated exposure to pollutants can lead to immediate health effects, including irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, along with headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. While these effects are typically short-term and treatable, identifying and eliminating the source of pollution plays a crucial role in the remedy.

On a more concerning note, some indoor air pollutants may trigger the onset or aggravation of chronic conditions such as asthma soon after exposure. Recognizing these health implications emphasizes the significance of proactive measures to curb indoor air pollution, ensuring the sustained well-being of individuals in the long run.

Long term effects

Indoor air pollution extends beyond mere physical discomfort; it permeates the core of our well-being. Prolonged exposure to indoor pollutants has been linked to respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, poor indoor air quality has been associated with mental health issues, disrupted sleep patterns, and heightened stress levels. The immediacy of reactions to indoor air pollutants is influenced by factors such as age and pre-existing medical conditions.

HOW TO MEASURE INDOOR AIR QUALITY OF YOUR HOME

What is AQI?

AQI (Air Quality Index) is a numerical scale used to communicate the quality of the air and its potential health effects to the public. By measuring and aggregating data on pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3, AQI provides a simple and standardized way to understand air quality conditions and take appropriate actions to protect health. 

Different types of pollutants

1. Particulate Matter (PM): PM refers to tiny particles suspended in the air, consisting of a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets. These particles vary in size, composition, and origin, and can have significant impacts on human health and the environment.

2.PM1: These are particles with a diameter of 1 micron or less, often originating from combustion processes, industrial emissions, and vehicle exhaust. PM1 particles are so small that they can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, posing serious health risks.

3.PM2.5: PM2.5 refers to particles with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less. These particles are small enough to be inhaled deeply into the lungs and can cause respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, and exacerbate existing health conditions like asthma and bronchitis.

4.PM10: PM10 includes particles with a diameter of 10 microns or less. While larger than PM2.5, PM10 particles can still penetrate the respiratory system and cause health problems, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions.

5.NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide): High concentrations of NO2, often found in vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions, can irritate the respiratory system, exacerbate asthma, and increase susceptibility to respiratory infections.

6.CO (Carbon Monoxide): CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. High levels of CO can lead to headaches, dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, even death, as it reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen.

7.SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide): SO2 is primarily emitted from burning fossil fuels, particularly in industrial processes and power generation. Exposure to high levels of SO2 can cause respiratory issues, aggravate asthma, and contribute to cardiovascular problems.

8.O3 (Ozone): Ground-level ozone is formed when pollutants react with sunlight. High concentrations of ozone can irritate the respiratory system, worsen asthma and other lung diseases, and increase the risk of respiratory infections.

Importance of AQI

AQI, or the Air Quality Index, is essential for protecting public health by providing easily understandable information about air pollution levels. It serves as a tool for raising awareness, educating the public, monitoring environmental trends, and guiding emergency response efforts during pollution events. By tracking changes in air quality, AQI helps policymakers develop effective regulations and strategies to reduce pollution and promote cleaner air. Ultimately, AQI plays a crucial role in safeguarding public health, informing decision-making, and fostering sustainable development practices for healthier communities.

EASY WAYS TO ENHANCE YOUR INDOOR AIR QUALITY

Fortunately, there are tangible steps we can embrace to improve the air quality in our homes and workplaces. By installing effective ventilation systems, incorporating air purifiers, and introducing indoor plants that naturally filter the air prove to be impactful measures. Moreover, adopting practices such as minimizing the use of chemical-laden cleaning products and refraining from smoking indoors further contribute to cultivating a healthier indoor environment: 

Ventilation: Ensure optimal ventilation by routinely opening windows and doors, facilitating the circulation of fresh air. Enhancing outdoor air circulation within your home or building is easily achievable through this simple practice. However, it's crucial to verify the safety of outdoor air conditions before opening windows and doors. Exercise caution and assess outdoor air quality to minimize the potential introduction of pollutants, such as vehicle emissions or nearby sources of smoke.

Properly ventilating your building not only contributes to better indoor air quality but also helps regulate indoor temperatures. This practice aids in diluting airborne pollutants originating from indoor sources, effectively reducing their concentration and fostering a healthier indoor environment.

Air Purifiers: Consider investing in high-quality air purifiers equipped with HEPA filters to effectively capture and eliminate pollutants. The efficiency of air purification increases with each exchange through these filters, ensuring a thorough cleansing of the air. This multi-layered approach is advantageous as different filters target various particles; if one filter misses certain particles, others may capture them.

Airth air purifiers feature a dual-filter system comprising a pre-filter and a HEPA filter. The pre-filter is designed to trap larger particles (above 10 microns), including hair, pet fur, dander, dust, and dirt. Then comes the fine filter which can easily remove 5 micron and On the other hand, the HEPA filter targets mid-range particles (~0.3 micron), capturing pollen, larger dust particles, and spores. This comprehensive filtration system contributes to creating a cleaner and healthier indoor environment.

Indoor Plants: Establishing a green corner goes beyond mere inclusion of greenery. Given the considerable time spent indoors, prioritising healthy indoor air quality becomes paramount. A notable reference is the 1989 NASA Clean Air Study, which highlights the air-purifying capabilities of certain indoor plants, particularly in reducing pollutants like formaldehyde. Enhance your indoor space by incorporating air-purifying plants such as snake plants, spider plants, and peace lilies, contributing to a natural and effective method of air purification.

Eco friendly products and smoking zones: Mitigate indoor pollutants by choosing eco-friendly cleaning products and designating smoking areas away from living spaces. This dual approach not only fosters a healthier indoor environment but also promotes a sustainable and responsible lifestyle. Opting for environmentally conscious cleaning solutions minimises the introduction of harmful chemicals, while isolating smoking areas helps prevent the infiltration of tobacco-related pollutants into living spaces.

Regular Maintenance: Prioritise regular maintenance to uphold the cleanliness and integrity of indoor spaces. Consistent upkeep involves conducting routine checks for mold or dampness, swiftly addressing any issues that may arise. This proactive approach not only ensures a visually appealing and well-maintained environment but also contributes to a healthier indoor atmosphere by preventing the potential growth of mold and addressing moisture-related concerns promptly.

CONCLUSION

It's time to acknowledge that the air we breathe within the confines of our homes and offices is just as critical to our health as the air outside. Dispelling the myths surrounding indoor air quality, understanding the pollutants present, and taking proactive measures are essential for safeguarding our well-being and that of our loved ones. Advocating for clean indoor air is not just a personal choice; it's a commitment to elevating our collective quality of life and fostering a healthier, happier society.

Amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and the heightened awareness of respiratory infections, the spotlight on air purifiers has intensified. While not a panacea, air purifiers equipped with HEPA filters and advanced technologies offer a potential line of defence in enhancing indoor air quality.

In essence, air purifiers emerge as a transformative force addressing the societal imperative for cleaner indoor air—a catalyst for improved health and well-being on individual and community levels. They stand as a proactive measure, serving as a shield against respiratory challenges and contributing to the creation of indoor sanctuaries that are not just safer but also more comfortable. Let's collectively breathe clean, embracing the potency of indoor air quality to shape a healthier and more resilient tomorrow.